The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of peptidase enzymes responsible for the degradation of extracellular matrix components, including collagen, gelatin, fibronectin, laminin and proteoglycan. Transcription of MMP genes is differentially activated by phorbol ester, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). MMP catalysis requires both calcium and zinc. MMP-12 (also designated macrophage metalloelastase) is produced in alveolar macrophages and degrades elastin. MMP-12 may contribute to elastin degradation occurring in granulomatous skin diseases and may also participate in macrophage migration through the epidermal and vascular basement membranes in inflammatory disorders.
