The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of peptidase enzymes responsible for the degradation of extracellular matrix components, including collagen, gelatin, fibronectin, laminin and proteoglycan. Transcription of MMP genes is differentially activated by phorbol ester, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). MMP catalysis requires both calcium and zinc. MMP-13 (also designated collagenase-3) is produced by breast carcinomas and degrades collagen types I, II and III. MMP-13 has wide substrate specificity, and its physiologic expression is limited to situations in which rapid and effective remodeling of collagenous ECM takes place, such as fetal bone development and adult bone remodeling.
