Mammalian ferritins consist of 24 subunits made up of two types of poly-peptide chains, ferritin heavy chain and ferritin light chain, which each have unique functions. Ferritin heavy chains catalyze the first step in iron storage, the oxidation of FeII, whereas ferritin light chains promote the nucleation of ferrihydrite, enabling storage of FeIII. The most prominent role of mamma-lian ferritins is to provide iron-buffering capacity to cells. In addition to iron buffering, heavy chain ferritin is also involved in the regulation of thymidine biosynthesis via increased expression of cytoplasmic serine hydroxymethyltransferase, which is a limiting factor in thymidylate synthesis in MCF-7 cells. Light chain ferritin is involved in cataracts by at least two mechanisms: hereditary hyperferritinemia cataract syndrome, in which light chain ferritin is overexpressed; and oxidative stress, an important factor in the development of aging-related cataracts.
