Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF18/AITR/GITR. Regulates T-cell responses. Can function as costimulator and lower the threshold for T-cell activation and T-cell proliferation. Important for interactions between activated T-lymphocytes and endothelial cells. Mediates activation of NF-kappa-B. Triggers increased phosphorylation of STAT1 and up-regulates expression of VCAM1 and ICAM1 (PubMed:23892569). Promotes leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells (PubMed:23892569). Regulates migration of monocytes from the splenic reservoir to sites of inflammation.
[1]"Assembly and structural properties of glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor ligand: implications for function."Chattopadhyay K., Ramagopal U.A., Mukhopadhaya A., Malashkevich V.N., Dilorenzo T.P., Brenowitz M., Nathenson S.G., Almo S.C.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:19452-19457(2007). [2]"Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related ligand triggering upregulates vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and promotes leukocyte adhesion."Lacal P.M., Petrillo M.G., Ruffini F., Muzi A., Bianchini R., Ronchetti S., Migliorati G., Riccardi C., Graziani G., Nocentini G.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 347:164-172(2013). [3]"Expression of human GITRL on myeloid dendritic cells enhances their immunostimulatory function but does not abrogate the suppressive effect of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells." Tuyaerts S., Van Meirvenne S., Bonehill A., Heirman C., Corthals J., Waldmann H., Breckpot K., Thielemans K., Aerts J.L.J. Leukoc. Biol. 82:93-105(2007).
