• Product NameHuman Nasopharyngeal Swab Lysates
• Brief DescriptionProtein
• ApplicationsWB; ELISA
• Storage <-80˚C, stable for 1 year after receipt. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

The virial load of SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses in different types of clinical specimens can vary dramatically. In general, lower respiratory tract specimens have more viral load than those from the upper respiratory tract (Hu et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020). A recent study shows that bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens contain the highest vial load, followed by sputum, nasal swabs, fibrobronchoscope brush biopsy, pharyngeal swabs, feces, and blood (Wang et al., 2020). As a commonly used procedure for COBID-19 diagnosis, nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs are used to collect specimens from the surface of the respiratory mucosa (Marty et al., 2020). NP swab specimens are valuable materials to study SARS-CoV-2 viruses and the mucosal immune responses triggered by SARS-CoV-2.

• Figure 1. Antibody reactivity and specificity test. Serial dilutions of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 N protein (Cat# VPN2) (A), 3 positive and 2 negative human nasopharyngeal swab specimens (20 μL) (B), and different concentrations of gamma-irradiated SARS-CoV-2 (nCoV, B&C), SARS-CoV (SARS) (C), and MERS (C) were in Viral Lysis Buffer (Cat# VL101), and blotted with rabbit monoclonal anti-N primary antibody (Cat# VY7N, 1:2,000 dilution) and HRP-conjugated highly cross-adsorbed goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (Cat# 202), respectively. The blot was then incubated using PiQTM ECL Substrate Kit (Cat# 639) and imaged using a chemiluminescence digital imager. Note that 1) NP Swab POS No.3 has very low viral load; 2) There were no cross-reactivity of the antibody with either SARS or MERS.
• Figure 2. Chemiluminescent ELISA using human nasopharyngeal swab specimens. Six negative (NEG) and 6 positive (POS) human nasopharyngeal swab specimens were lysed in Viral Lysis Buffer (Cat# VL101) and coated on a microplate. Rabbit monoclonal anti-N primary antibody (Cat# VYN7, 1:10,000 dilution) and HRP-conjugated highly cross-adsorbed goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (Cat# 202, 1:20,000) were used to detect SARS-CoV-2 N protein. RLU, relative light unit. ΔRLU = RLU of the well with primary antibody - RLU of the corresponding well without primary antibody, all else being equal. Each dot represents an individual specimen.
• Figure 3. Chemiluminescent ELISA using human nasopharyngeal (NP) swab specimens. Human NP swab specimens were purchased from a commercial vendor. EUA RT-PCR confirmed 90 negative and 60 positive specimens were used for the assay using GenuIN® CoV2 Antigen Detection ELISA Kit (Cat# VKN2). RLU, relative light unit. ΔRLU = RLU of the well with primary antibody - RLU of the corresponding well without primary antibody, all else being equal.

• Flow Cytometry (FCM) General Protocol
• Immunofluorescence(IC)
• Immunohistochemistry(Polymer)
• Western Blotting