TGF-β2 is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates immune function, cellular proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. It shows cross-species activity in the development of cardiac, lung, craniofacial, limb, eye, ear, and urogenital systems. Latent TGF-β is activated by proteolytic cleavage of the mature cytokine from the latency-associated peptide. TGF-β2 signaling involves the accessory receptor Betaglycan, TGF-β RII, and a type I TGF-β receptor, resulting in the activation of Smad signal transduction.