CXCL5 is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78). It is produced following stimulation of cells with the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The expression of CXCL5 has also been observed in eosinophils, and can be inhibited with the type II interferon IFN-γ. Recombinant rat CXCL5 contains 93 amino acids which is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. Rat CXCL5 shares 57 % amino acid sequence identity with human CXCL5.