Osteopontin (OPN), also known as SPP1, Eta-1, or BSP, is a highly acidic, 45-75 kDa secreted molecule in the SIBLING family of matricellular proteins. It can be variably modified with O- and N-glycosylation, sulfation, phosphorylation, and transglutamination. OPN binds several integrins and can bind additional integrins after it is proteolytically cleaved. OPN is prominently expressed in mineralized tissues. It inhibits bone mineralization and kidney stone formation and promotes inflammation, cell adhesion, and cell migration. OPN expression is upregulated during inflammation, obesity, atherosclerosis, cancer, and tissue damage, and it contributes to the pathophysiology of these conditions.