Chk1 kinase acts downstream of ATM/ATR kinase and plays an important role in DNA damage checkpoint control, embryonic development, and tumor suppression. Activation of Chk1 involves phosphorylation at Ser317 and Ser345 and occurs in response to blocked DNA replication and certain forms of genotoxic stress. While phosphorylation at Ser345 serves to localize Chk1 to the nucleus following checkpoint activation, phosphorylation at Ser317 along with site-specific phosphorylation of PTEN allows for reentry into the cell cycle following stalled DNA replication.