CD40 ligand is a 261 amino acid type II transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the TNF family and can be cleaved into two chains: the CD40 ligand membrane form and CD40 ligand soluble form. It is primarily expressed on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes, and also found in other types of cells, like NK cells, mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. In total CD40 ligand has three binding partners: CD40, α5β1 integrin and αIIbβ3. It mediates a range of activities on B cells including induction of activation-associated surface antigen, entry into cell cycle, isotype switching and Ig secretion and memory generation. CD40-CD40L interaction also plays important roles in monocyte activation and dendritic cell maturation.
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