Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 is one of the BMPs, some of which belong to the TGF-beta superfamily (BMP2-7). There are more than thirteen BMPs have been discovered nowadays and they are involved in inducing cartilage and bone formation. BMP-4 is expressed in the lung and lower levels seen in the kidney. It also presents in normal and neoplastic prostate tissues, and prostate cancer cell lines. It regulates the formation of teeth, limbs and bone from mesoderm. Furthermore it also plays a role in fracture repair. BMP-4 signals through tetrameric complexes composed of type I and type II receptors and regulates it function by interaction with multiple proteins and glycosaminoglycans. The human BMP-4 shares 98 % sequence indentity with mouse BMP-4. Reduced expression of BMP-4 is associated with a number of bone diseases, including the heritable disorder Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva.
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