Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) regulate microtubule stability and play critical roles in neuronal development and in maintaining the balance between neuronal plasticity and rigidity. MAP-light chain 3 beta (MAP-LC3 Beta) and MAP-light chain 3 alpha (MAP-LC3 alpha) are subunits of both MAP1A and MAP1B. MAP-LC3M Beta, a homolog of Apg8p, is essential for autophagy and associated to the autophagosome membranes after processing. Two forms of LC3 Beta, the cytosolic LC3-I and the membrane-bound LC3-II, are produced post-translationally. LC3-I is formed by the removal of the C-terminal 22 amino acids from newly synthesized LC3a??, followed by the conversion of a fraction of LC3-I into LC3-II. LC3 enhances fibronectin mRNA translation in ductus arteriosus cells through association with 60S ribosomes and binding to an AU-rich element in the 3a? untranslated region of fibronectin mRNA. This facilitates sorting of fibronectin mRNA onto rough endoplasmic reticulum and translation. MAP LC3 Beta may also be involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles. It is expressed primarily in heart, testis, brain and skeletal muscle.
