Brief: Cell signal transductionis the transmission of molecular signals via various proteins in asignaling cascade, which carries and amplifies the signal. TheJAK-STAT signaling pathwaycommunicates information from chemical signals outside of a cell to thecell nucleus, resulting in the activation of genes through a process calledtranscription. There are three key parts of JAK-STAT signaling:Janus kinases(JAKs),Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription proteins(STATs), and receptors (which bind the chemical signals). JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a chain of interactions between proteins in a cell, and is involved in processes such asimmunity,cell division,cell deathandtumor formation. Disrupted JAK-STAT signaling may lead to a variety of diseases, such as skin conditions,cancers, and disorders affecting the immune system. There are 4 JAK proteins:JAK1,JAK2,JAK3andTYK2, and there are 7 STAT proteins:STAT1,STAT2,STAT3,STAT4,STAT5A,STAT5BandSTAT6. JAK/STAT Compound Library from SAB, a unique collection of 145 compounds targeting JAK/STAT signaling, can be used for research in JAK/STAT signaling and related drug screening (high throughput and high content screening).

Brief: Cytokinesare a broad and loose category of smallproteins(~5�C20kDa) that are important incell signaling, modulate thebalancebetween humoral and cell-based immune responses, and are heavilyinvolved inautoimmuneand inflammatory diseases. Blocking cytokine signaling pathways by biologics has shown clinical effectiveness in these diseases. Cytokines act throughreceptors and activate related signaling to modulate gene expression and cell functions. Cytokine receptors activate many signaling pathways: JAK-STAT, NF-kB, MAPK, PI3K, etc. A number of small molecular weight inhibitors targeting cytokine signaling have been identified as research progresses and some are approved to be marketed. Cytokines Inhibitors Library from SAB, containing 182 compounds targeting cytokine signaling, can be used for high throughput and high content screening for drug discovery

Brief: Ahistonemodificationis a covalent post-translational enzymatic modification to histone proteins which includesmethylation,phosphorylation,acetylation, ubiquitylation, and sumoylation.Histone modification impactsgene expressionbyaltering chromatin structureor recruiting histone modifiers.Therefore, histone modifications act in diverse biological processes such as transcriptional activation/inactivation,chromosomepackaging, and DNA damage/repair.Thus, quantitative detection of various histone modifications would provide useful information for a better understanding ofepigeneticregulation of cellular processes and the development of histone modifying enzyme-targeted drugs. The SABsHistone Modification Research Compound Library, a unique collection of 152 histone modification related compounds, can be used for research in histone modification and related drug screening

Brief: Preclinical Compound Library is a collection of 212 compounds that are in preclinical phase with clear targets and detailed information on disease indication and reference.

Brief: Clinical compound library is a collection of 960 compounds, all of which have been permitted into the clinical trial phases. These compounds have known biological activities, low toxicity, and clear mechanism with demonstrated pre-clinical evidence. Every compound contains detailed information on pharmacological activities, targets, clinical development status, and indications with broad spectrum covering several therapeutic areas from cancer, inflammation, infection, neuropsychiatry to cardiology, and many drug targets such as JAK, EGFR, mTOR, CDK, HDAC, AKT, PARP, etc. It is an effective tool for drug screening as well as for cell differentiation induction.

Brief: Histamine, an important bioactive molecule, is derived from thedecarboxylationof theamino acidhistidine. Most histamine in the body is generated in granules inmast cellsand inskin, lung and gastrointestinal tract, playing a pivotal role in allergic and inflammatory reactions. Histamine acts as a neurotransmitter within the central nervous system. The histaminergic neurons that secrete histamine are localized in small regions of the hypothalamus, but those neurons send axons widely throughout the brain. Histamine appears to modulate a number of important processes in the brain, including wakefulness, cognitive ability andfood consumption. Currently four histamine receptors (H1R-H4R) have been cloned and identified, all of which are G protein-coupled receptors. These different receptors are expressed on different cell types and work through different intracellular signaling mechanisms. Post mortem studies have revealedalterations in histaminergic system in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Melatoninis ahormone, produced by thepineal gland, a tinyendocrinegland situated at the center of the brain. Melatonin presents several ways of action in the regulation of seasonal reproduction, body weight and energy balance, antiaging, and promoting sleep.

Brief: Autophagyis the natural, regulated mechanism of the cell that disassembles unnecessary or dysfunctional components. Targeteddamaged cytoplasmicconstituents are isolated from the rest of the cell within a double-membraned vesicle known as anautophagosome.The autophagosome eventually fuses withlysosomesand the contents are degraded and recycled. Autophagy, cellular senescence, and apoptosis are three key responses of a cell facing a stress, correlating with each other. It has been reported that defects of autophagy are associated with genomic damage, metabolic stress, and tumorigenesis. The Autophagy Compound library by SAB contains 623 compounds with defined autophagy-inducing or -inhibitory activity, and is a useful tool for studying the roles of pro- and anti-autophagic molecules in cells as well as for use inin vitroapplications

Brief: The SABsHematopoietic Toxicity Compound Library is a focused collection of 104 compounds with defined and diverse hematopoietic toxicity, including myelosuppression, neutropenia, leukopenia, anemia, and many more. Bioactivity of all compounds were confirmed by bioassays, and reported by scientific literature. Some of them are FDA approved. The library is an essential tool for predictive toxicology screening and assay development.

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Brief: Serotoninor5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) is amonoamine neurotransmitter, derivative from the amino acidtryptophan, and mainly located in the enterochromaffin cells in the GI tract and central nervous system (CNS). It has a popular image as a contributor to feelings of well-being andhappiness, though its actual biological function is complex and multifaceted, modulating cognition, reward, learning, memory, and numerous physiological processes. Serotonin receptors, are a group ofG protein-coupled receptorandligand-gated ion channelsfound in thecentralandperipheral nervous systems. They can be divided into 7 families ofG protein-coupled receptorsexcept for the5-HT3receptor, aligand-gated ion channel, which activate anintracellularsecond messengercascade to produce an excitatory or inhibitory response. They mediate bothexcitatory and inhibitoryneurotransmission, influencing various biological and neurological processes. The serotonin receptors are the target of a variety of pharmaceutical and recreational drugs, including manyantidepressants,antipsychotics,anorectics,antiemetics,gastroprokinetic agents,antimigraine agents,hallucinogens, andentactogens. The Serotonin (5-HT) Compound Library by SAB, collecting 134 small chemicals targeting serotonin receptors, can be used for high throughput screening and high content screening, and drug discovery in neurological disorders.