Brief: Anautoimmune disorderoccurs when the body'simmune systemattacks and destroys healthy body tissue by mistake. Areas often affected by autoimmune disorders include blood vessels, connective tissues, joints, and skin, etc. The chemical advances in the 19th�C20th centuries brought about the development of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Although effective in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, NSAIDs have some undesirable and adverse effect, such as ulcers, kidney injury, and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. Although initially identified as anti-tumor molecule, TNF is now considered as a pleiotropic cytokine which plays a major role in immune or inflammatory responses.Consequently, anti-TNF biologics, which are designed to block the biological function of TNF, have been developed for the therapy of autoimmune inflammatory diseases.The success of biologics for autoimmune diseases coupled with rapid advances in basic research has validated many immunology-relevant signaling pathways and uncovered new intracellular molecules to target for potential new drug agents that can enter the cell. For example, many small chemicals or macrolide derivatives that can inhibit immunoproteasome, nucleus output proteins, NF-kB, and TNF-alpha have the potential to be developed as the drugs to treat the autoimmune inflammatory diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases.

Brief: Nature, the master of craftsman of molecules created almost an inexhaustible array of molecular entities. It stands as an infinite resource for drug development, novel chemotypes and pharmacophores, and scaffolds for amplification into efficacious drugs for a multitude of disease indications and other valuable bioactive agents. Plants have been the basis of many traditional medicine systems throughout the world for thousands of years and continue to provide mankind with new remedies. The use of plants as medicines has a long history in the treatment of various diseases. The plant-derived compounds have a long history of clinical use, better patient tolerance and acceptance. To date, 35,000-70,000 plant species have been screened for their medicinal use. The first commercial pure natural product introduced for therapeutic use is morphine marketed by Merck in 1826, and the first semi-synthetic pure drug aspirin, based on a natural product salicin isolated fromSalix alba, was introduced by Bayer in 1899. This led to the isolation of early drugs such as cocaine, codeine, digitoxin, quinine and pilocarpine, of which some are still in use and several other recent plant derived compounds, which have undergone development and have been marketed as drugs which include Paclitaxel fromTaxus brevifoliafor lung, ovarian and breast cancer, Artemisinin from traditional Chinese plantArtemisia annuato combat multidrug resistant malaria, Silymarin extracted from the seeds ofSilybum marianumfor the treatment of liver diseases. The SABsSelected plant-sourced compound Library, a unique collection of 1130 plant-sourced compounds that derived from 277 plant species, can be used for natural drug screening and new drug development

Brief: Invasive fungal infections are a significant health problem in immunocompromised patients. However, the number of therapeutic options for the treatment of invasive fungal infections is quite limited, and include only three structural classes of drugs: polyenes, azoles, and echinocandins. Anti-fungi compound library from SAB is a unique collection of 66 compounds that include natural product (polyene and echinocandins), target specific chemicals (azoles) and FDA approved antifungal agents.More recently, interest in natural product-based screening has enjoyed a renaissance. This has been driven not only by the recognition of the valuable features of natural product hits and that natural substances have evolved over a very long selection process to form optimal interactions with biological macromolecules, but by improvements in structure-identification, separation, and target identification. Recently, broad interest in combination screening to identify molecules that synergize with existing classes of antibacterial and antifungal drugs as an approach to improve efficacy has emerged. Our anti-fungi compound library is an effective tool for drug repurposing screening and combination screening.

Brief: Antibiotics are used to treat or prevent bacterial infections,and sometimesprotozoan infections, having saved thousands of lives. The discovery and application of antibiotics added 5-10 years to the life expectancy of the average American, therefore, it is recognized as one of the greatest medical advances of the 20th century. However, inappropriate antibiotic treatment and overuse of antibiotics have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic resistance is increasing globally and fast because of greater access to antibiotic drugs indeveloping countries, and it is now a major threat to public health, economic growth, and global stabilization. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop new drugs targeted at resistant organisms while limiting antibiotic use. The SABsAntibiotics Library, a focused collection of 250 compounds with antibiotic activity, can be used for antibacterial research and related drug screening.

Brief: The Wnt signaling pathway is an ancient and evolutionarily conserved pathway that regulates crucial aspects of cell fate determination, cell migration, cell polarity, neural patterning and organogenesis during embryonic development. Aberrant regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway is a prevalent theme in cancer biology. The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a major regulator of many fundamental processes in vertebrate embryonic development including stem cell maintenance, cell differentiation, tissue polarity and cell proliferation.Constitutive activation of the Hh pathway leading to tumorigenesis is seen in basal cell carcinomas and medulloblastoma. A variety of other human cancers, including brain, gastrointestinal, lung, breast and prostate cancers, also demonstrate inappropriate activation of this pathway. Targeting the Hh signaling pathway provides a new and exciting therapeutic option for a broad variety of cancers.TheNotch signaling pathwayis a highlyconservedcell signaling system present in most multicellular organisms. TheNotch signalingcascade is critical forcell proliferation, differentiation, development andhomeostasis. Deregulated Notch signaling is found in various diseases, such asT-cell leukemia, breast cancer,prostate cancer, colorectal cancer andlung canceras well ascentral nervous system(CNS) malignancies, CADASIL, Alagille syndrome, spondylocostal dysostosis, etc. Wnt/Hedgehog/Notch Compound Library from SAB, a unique collection of 74 Wnt/Hedgehog/Notch signaling targeted compounds, can be used for research in Wnt/Hedgehog/Notch signaling and related drug screening (high throughput and high content screening).

Brief: All compounds in FDA approved drug library have well-characterized biological activity, clear targets, safety, and bioavailability �C properties which could dramatically accelerate drug development and optimization. It is an effective and ideal tool for drug repurposing and cell differentiation induction. Detailed information on each compound in this library can help scientists quickly finish drug screening or make quick judgement on cell differentiation mechanism, and create conditions for further investigation on the mechanism of action

Brief: Members of the transforming growth factor-�� (TGF-��) family control growth, differentiation and apoptosis of cells, and have important functions during embryonic development. There are three known isoforms of TGF-�� (TGF-��1, TGF-��2 and TGF-��3) expressed in mammalian tissues. TGF-�� isoforms signal through three surface receptors, known as the TGF-�� type I, type II, and type III receptors (T��RI, T��RII, and T��RIII, respectively) which are expressed on the surface of many cell types such as fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and hemopoietic cells, etc. The binding of TGF-�� and receptorstransduces the signals by phosphorylating carboxy-terminal serine residues of receptor-regulated (R-) Smads. The activated R-Smads form hetero-oligomeric complexes with a common-partner (co-) Smad, that is, Smad4 in vertebrate cells. The complexes translocate into the nucleus where they regulate the expression of target genes. TGF-beta/Smad Compound Library from SAB, a unique collection of 44 TGF-beta/Smad signaling targeted compounds, can be used for research in TGF-beta/Smad signaling and related drug screening (high throughput and high content screening).

Brief: It contains more than 5370 small molecule compounds, with known biological activities causing biological reaction in cells, tissue even whole body, including Clinical compound library (L3400), Preclinical compound library (L3410), and Approved drug library (L1000). All compounds have clear targets and detailed information description, which is the key point to drug research and development like drug repurposing, small molecule inducing stem cell differentiation, and target identification in mechanism interrogation. Many scientists have identified small molecules that can regulate cell fate and function, and stem cell differentiation by screening annotated bioactive compound library with confirmed activity and known targets. Recent advances in iPSC technology have made reprogramming of somatic cells towards pluripotency possible and simpler. Using both phenotypic screening and hypothesis-driven approaches, a growing number of compounds have been identified that can functionally replace reprogramming transcription factors, enhance efficiency of iPSC generation and accelerate the reprogramming process by single use or a combination of several molecules with success in cardiomyocyte differentiation and proliferation, neural progenitor cells, etc

Brief: A significant barrier to effective cancer therapy is the development of resistance to the drugs utilized, therefore, identifying new biological targets and designing new drugs becomes one of the most important strategies. Among the various potential targets, DNA damage and repair system in cancer cells is one of the most pivotal targets. The use ofunspecific antibiotics to treat bacterial infections has caused a great deal of multiple resistant strains making less effective the current therapies with antibiotics. Developing inhibitors of DNA repair and related pathways in pathogens will have utility in the treatment of infections. The SABsDNA Damage & Repair Compound Library, a unique collection of 475 DNA Damage & Repair related compounds, can be used for research in DNA damage and repair, and high throughput screening (HTS) and high content screening (HCS).

Brief: Nuclear factor-??B (NF-??B), a collective term for a family of transcription factors, includes five subunits: NF-??B1 (p50/p105), NF-??B2 (p52/p100), p65 (RelA), RelB, and c-Rel. The homodimers or heterodimers formed by two subunits bind to specific sequences known as the ??B site on their target genes for DNA interaction and transcriptional activation. How NF-??B selectively recognizes a small subset of relevant ??B sites from the large excess of potential binding sites is a critical step for stimulus-specific gene transcription (The fine-tuning of the NF-B DNA binding activity).While in an inactivated state, NF-??B is located in the cytosol complexed with the inhibitory proteinI??B??. Through the intermediacy of integral membrane receptors, a variety of extracellular signals can activate the enzymeI??B kinase(IKK). IKK, in turn, phosphorylates the I??B?? protein, which results inubiquitination, dissociation of I??B?? from NF-??B, and eventual degradation of I??B?? by theproteasome. The activated NF-??B is then translocated into the nucleus where it binds to specific sequences of DNA called response elements (RE). The DNA/NF-??B complex then recruits other proteins such ascoactivatorsandRNA polymerase, which transcribe downstream DNA into mRNA. A large array of genesinvolved in different processes of the immune and inflammatory responses, such as TNF-??, IL-1??, IL-6, and IL-8, chemokines, adhesion molecules, clone stimulating factors, is mediated by NF-??B. In TNF-???Cinduced apoptosis, TRAF1, TRAF2, XIAP, c-IAP1, and c-IAP2 were identified as gene targets of NF-kB transcriptional activity. NF-??B Signaling Compound Library from SAB, a unique collection of 173 small molecules targeting NF-??B signaling, can be used for research in NF-??B signaling and high throughput screening and high content screening.