Brief: Cardiovascular disease generally refers to all types of diseases that affect the heart or blood vessels, including coronary heart disease (clogged arteries), which can cause heart attacks, stroke, congenital heart defects and peripheral artery disease, and is the leading cause of death for men and women in the U.S. Different types of cardiovascular diseases have different mechanisms of pathogenesis. Antioxidants, lipid-lowering agents, anti-ischemic drugs, and platelet aggregation inhibitors all can reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Some natural products can inhibit the gene expression of cell adhesion molecules, cytokine, and chemokine, inhibit the function of platelet, enhance the release of nitric oxide by endothelial cells, and inhibit the contraction of smooth muscle. A unique collection of 515 cardiovascular diseases related compounds by SAB can be used for cardiovascular diseases related research and high throughput and high content screening for new drugs

Brief: Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living state of the cells and the organism, including catabolism and anabolism, and is one way the body maintainshomeostasis. The main focus in metabolism research area is the biological regulatory mechanism and its role in obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The unique collection of 816 small chemicals targeting metabolism diseases will provide the support for metabolism research and related drug screening.

Brief: Fluorine atoms have a unique combination of electronic and physical properties. As such, when incorporated into active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), fluorine atoms often influence their protein binding affinity and lipophilicity but not the shape of the resulting fluorochemicals. Fluorination can thus significantly impact the bioavailability or metabolic stability of drug substances. The pivotal role that the element fluorine plays in modulating the properties of bioactive molecules is reflected by the growth of its presence in approved drugs, as evidenced by the fact that between 15% to 20% of all medicines and agrochemicals on the market contain at least one fluorine atom in their structure. As of 2009, the FDA had approved >140 fluorine-containing drugs, such as fluorouracil, Miglitol, Gemcitabine, Sofosbuvir, atorvastatin, fluoxetine, ciprofloxacin, etc. The judicious introduction of fluorine into a molecule can productively influence conformation, pKa, intrinsic potency, membrane permeability, metabolic pathways, and pharmacokinetic properties. Nowadays, the application of specialty fluorochemicals in the pharmaceutical industry has been increasingly widespread. SABs fluorochemical library has become an effective tool for developing new anticancer drugs, anesthetics, antidepressants, antifungals, antiviral drugs, antibiotics, cholesterol lowering agents, and anti-inflammatory agents. In addition, in agricultural uses, the addition of fluorine to many agricultural herbicides, pesticides, and fungicides improves the potency and therefore reduces the required application rate of these substances

Brief: Cardiotoxicity is one of the leading causes of drug attrition during development, and accounts for 22-28% of US post-marketing drug withdrawal. Therefore, developing sensitive in vitro assays assessing drug-induced cardiotoxicity in preclinical and early clinical stages is especially important for drug development. The SABsCardiotoxicity Compound Library, a unique collection of 132 cardiotoxicity inducing compounds, can be used for chemical toxicity evaluation and prediction

Brief: Angiogenesis is a normal and vital process in growth and development, as well as inwound healingand in the formation ofgranulation tissue. However, uncontrolled angiogenesis underlies many deadly and debilitating conditions, including cancer, skin diseases, immune disorders, diabetic ulcers, cardiovascular disease, stroke, critical limb ischemia, and many others. Therefore, angiogenesis has become an attractive target for combating diseases characterized by either poor vascularization or abnormal vasculature. For example, angiogenesis plays a critical role in the growth of cancer. Tumors induce blood vessel growth (angiogenesis) by secreting various growth factors (e.g.VEGF) and proteins which induce capillary growth into the tumor, providing it with oxygen and nutrients.Angiogenesis is also required for the spread of a tumor, ormetastasis. Therefore, angiogenesis inhibitors can be used to treat cancer. In addition, proangiogenic therapies are being explored as options to treat ischemiccardiovascular diseases by formation of ��natural bypasses����that is, collateral vessels. The SABsAngiogenesis related Compound Library, a unique collection of angiogenesis related compounds, can be used for research in angiogenesis and related drug discovery

Brief: Anautoimmune disorderoccurs when the body'simmune systemattacks and destroys healthy body tissue by mistake. Areas often affected by autoimmune disorders include blood vessels, connective tissues, joints, and skin, etc. The chemical advances in the 19th�C20th centuries brought about the development of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Although effective in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, NSAIDs have some undesirable and adverse effect, such as ulcers, kidney injury, and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. Although initially identified as anti-tumor molecule, TNF is now considered as a pleiotropic cytokine which plays a major role in immune or inflammatory responses.Consequently, anti-TNF biologics, which are designed to block the biological function of TNF, have been developed for the therapy of autoimmune inflammatory diseases.The success of biologics for autoimmune diseases coupled with rapid advances in basic research has validated many immunology-relevant signaling pathways and uncovered new intracellular molecules to target for potential new drug agents that can enter the cell. For example, many small chemicals or macrolide derivatives that can inhibit immunoproteasome, nucleus output proteins, NF-kB, and TNF-alpha have the potential to be developed as the drugs to treat the autoimmune inflammatory diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases.

Brief: Nature, the master of craftsman of molecules created almost an inexhaustible array of molecular entities. It stands as an infinite resource for drug development, novel chemotypes and pharmacophores, and scaffolds for amplification into efficacious drugs for a multitude of disease indications and other valuable bioactive agents. Plants have been the basis of many traditional medicine systems throughout the world for thousands of years and continue to provide mankind with new remedies. The use of plants as medicines has a long history in the treatment of various diseases. The plant-derived compounds have a long history of clinical use, better patient tolerance and acceptance. To date, 35,000-70,000 plant species have been screened for their medicinal use. The first commercial pure natural product introduced for therapeutic use is morphine marketed by Merck in 1826, and the first semi-synthetic pure drug aspirin, based on a natural product salicin isolated fromSalix alba, was introduced by Bayer in 1899. This led to the isolation of early drugs such as cocaine, codeine, digitoxin, quinine and pilocarpine, of which some are still in use and several other recent plant derived compounds, which have undergone development and have been marketed as drugs which include Paclitaxel fromTaxus brevifoliafor lung, ovarian and breast cancer, Artemisinin from traditional Chinese plantArtemisia annuato combat multidrug resistant malaria, Silymarin extracted from the seeds ofSilybum marianumfor the treatment of liver diseases. The SABsSelected plant-sourced compound Library, a unique collection of 1130 plant-sourced compounds that derived from 277 plant species, can be used for natural drug screening and new drug development

Brief: Invasive fungal infections are a significant health problem in immunocompromised patients. However, the number of therapeutic options for the treatment of invasive fungal infections is quite limited, and include only three structural classes of drugs: polyenes, azoles, and echinocandins. Anti-fungi compound library from SAB is a unique collection of 66 compounds that include natural product (polyene and echinocandins), target specific chemicals (azoles) and FDA approved antifungal agents.More recently, interest in natural product-based screening has enjoyed a renaissance. This has been driven not only by the recognition of the valuable features of natural product hits and that natural substances have evolved over a very long selection process to form optimal interactions with biological macromolecules, but by improvements in structure-identification, separation, and target identification. Recently, broad interest in combination screening to identify molecules that synergize with existing classes of antibacterial and antifungal drugs as an approach to improve efficacy has emerged. Our anti-fungi compound library is an effective tool for drug repurposing screening and combination screening.

Brief: Antibiotics are used to treat or prevent bacterial infections,and sometimesprotozoan infections, having saved thousands of lives. The discovery and application of antibiotics added 5-10 years to the life expectancy of the average American, therefore, it is recognized as one of the greatest medical advances of the 20th century. However, inappropriate antibiotic treatment and overuse of antibiotics have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic resistance is increasing globally and fast because of greater access to antibiotic drugs indeveloping countries, and it is now a major threat to public health, economic growth, and global stabilization. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop new drugs targeted at resistant organisms while limiting antibiotic use. The SABsAntibiotics Library, a focused collection of 250 compounds with antibiotic activity, can be used for antibacterial research and related drug screening.

Brief: The Wnt signaling pathway is an ancient and evolutionarily conserved pathway that regulates crucial aspects of cell fate determination, cell migration, cell polarity, neural patterning and organogenesis during embryonic development. Aberrant regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway is a prevalent theme in cancer biology. The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a major regulator of many fundamental processes in vertebrate embryonic development including stem cell maintenance, cell differentiation, tissue polarity and cell proliferation.Constitutive activation of the Hh pathway leading to tumorigenesis is seen in basal cell carcinomas and medulloblastoma. A variety of other human cancers, including brain, gastrointestinal, lung, breast and prostate cancers, also demonstrate inappropriate activation of this pathway. Targeting the Hh signaling pathway provides a new and exciting therapeutic option for a broad variety of cancers.TheNotch signaling pathwayis a highlyconservedcell signaling system present in most multicellular organisms. TheNotch signalingcascade is critical forcell proliferation, differentiation, development andhomeostasis. Deregulated Notch signaling is found in various diseases, such asT-cell leukemia, breast cancer,prostate cancer, colorectal cancer andlung canceras well ascentral nervous system(CNS) malignancies, CADASIL, Alagille syndrome, spondylocostal dysostosis, etc. Wnt/Hedgehog/Notch Compound Library from SAB, a unique collection of 74 Wnt/Hedgehog/Notch signaling targeted compounds, can be used for research in Wnt/Hedgehog/Notch signaling and related drug screening (high throughput and high content screening).